About Jack Zheng
Faculty of IT at Kennesaw.edu
map
http
http www
Tile grid map
geo
Tableau
current pro desktop
pro desktop en
About Jack Zheng
Faculty of IT at Kennesaw.edu
map
http
http www
Tile grid map
geo
Tableau
current pro desktop
pro desktop en
Custom Data Maps IT 7113 Data Visualization http://idi.kennesaw.edu/it7113/ J.G. Zheng Fall 2023 This lecture notes is hosted at https://www.edocr.com/v/npapy5k4/jgzheng/mapping-location-based-visualization Overview We will introduce three types of custom maps. 1. Custom geo map 2. Custom contextual map 3. Tile grid map 1. Custom Geo Map • Standard (default) geo map – Use of GIS software or capabilities – Common geo location data can be recognized by the software without special settings: city, state, zip, country, etc. – A geo location related field needs to set as a geolocation data type – Standard geo areas can be grouped as a derived geo location area • Custom geo maps include: – Non-standard geo areas that are not recognized and handled directly (lakes, nature preserves, parking space, etc.) – Custom geo areas for specific or temporary situations or events, such as natural phenomenon (rain, fire, flood, etc.), war, etc. – Non-standard geo locations that are not or difficult to be associated with a precise commonly identifiable name (building, rural place, river location, highway segment, etc.) – Detailed geo locations that are not automatically recognized by the GIS software and need some special settings. For example, Tableau cannot deal with address/street level of details directly, see https://kb.tableau.com/articles/howto/address-level-mapping. Built-in geo location data types in Tableau - see more info at https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/ desktop/en-us/maps_data.htm Custom Geo Map Techniques • Custom geo encoding – A user provides point-based or polygon-based geo coordinates from a separate source – Still use the software provided geo base map as background • Static geo image – use of a static geo spatial image as background (not software provided) – provide custom geo or x/y coordinates • See examples at https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/jack.zhen g/viz/KSUparking/PointsonGeoMap Custom Geo Encoding • Where to get geo coordinates of specific locations? – https://cbistudio.interworks.com (recommended) - learn to use tool https://interworks.com/blog/2022/01/24/introducing-cbi-studio-from- interworks/ – Geo encoding services, such as Google Geo API, https://www.findlatitudeandlongitude.com/batch-geocode/ • How to provide custom geo coordinates in Tableau - two ways – Data blend (see examples and next a few slides): • Provide with your data source directly in one table or blend from two tables – Custom geocoding source (not covered in this class) • Importing separately https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en- us/custom_geocoding.htm • Use spatial file (Shapefile) as data source https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en-us/maps_shapefiles.htm – Refer to https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en- us/maps_customgeocode_datablend.htm Point Based Geo Encoding • Point based shapeId shapeLabel longitude latitude peak rate parking type 0Lot A -84.51876092 33.939726 95%faculty 1Lot B -84.51817083 33.94019775 90%student 2Lot C -84.52028441 33.94132815 77%guest 3Lot D -84.51837468 33.94131035 90%faculty Points (shapes in the table) are mapped on the map. Set each location (point) with a pair of longitude and latitude coordinates. Data Blend/Join for Points • For a point-based map, data measures may be put in the same one table, or create a one-to-one relationship between two tables • One table – see previous slide • Two tables – One table just for geo location data; one table for measure data; then one-to-one relationship between the two tables. – Refer to https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en- us/maps_customgeocode_ex_datablend.htm shapeId shapeLabel longitude latitude peak rate parking type 0Lot A -84.51876092 33.939726 95%faculty 1Lot B -84.51817083 33.94019775 90%student 2Lot C -84.52028441 33.94132815 77%guest Table join based on the street address column. Area/Polygon Based Geo Encoding • Drawing custom polygons shapeId shapeLabel pointId longitude latitude 0Lot A 0 -84.51796698 33.9409383 0Lot A 1 -84.51868582 33.94054667 0Lot A 2 -84.5181601 33.93979899 0Lot A 3 -84.51724815 33.9398702 0Lot A 4 -84.51709795 33.94071578 1Lot B 0 -84.5201664 33.94186398 1Lot B 1 -84.52133584 33.94173047 1Lot B 2 -84.52119636 33.94110742 1Lot B 3 -84.51985526 33.94130323 2Lot C 0 -84.52347088 33.93755593 2Lot C 1 -84.52350306 33.93663021 2Lot C 2 -84.52244091 33.93663021 2Lot C 3 -84.52264476 33.93752033 Set each location area (shape) with a set of points (starting from 0); each point has a pair of longitude and latitude coordinates. The software will connect these points by order to forma a area/polygon. Areas (shapes with multiple points in the table) are mapped as polygons on the map. Data Blend/Join for Areas • For polygon-based map, blend or join two tables – one table just for geo location point/polygon data – one table for measure data – then one-to-many relationship between the two tables. shapeId shapeLabel pointId longitude latitude 0Lot A 0 -84.51796698 33.9409383 0Lot A 1 -84.51868582 33.94054667 0Lot A 2 -84.5181601 33.93979899 0Lot A 3 -84.51724815 33.9398702 0Lot A 4 -84.51709795 33.94071578 1Lot B 0 -84.5201664 33.94186398 1Lot B 1 -84.52133584 33.94173047 1Lot B 2 -84.52119636 33.94110742 1Lot B 3 -84.51985526 33.94130323 2Lot C 0 -84.52347088 33.93755593 2Lot C 1 -84.52350306 33.93663021 2Lot C 2 -84.52244091 33.93663021 2Lot C 3 -84.52264476 33.93752033 Table join based on Parking Lot and shapeLabel columns. Static Geo Image • Static geo image is just one image of a geo region, without capability of zooming and panning, and all kinds of map layers. • The image is placed as the background image of the map. • Then, points and polygons can be placed on the image, just like geo maps. • There are two ways of setting position coordinates 1. Relative geo codes – refer to https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en- us/bkimages_maps.htm (recommend the second option using https://www.openstreetmap.org) 2. Custom X/Y coordinates (similar as context map in the next section) – refer to https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en- us/bkimages_coordinates.htm • The process of setting the data source (either as points or areas) is the same as the previous methods (slide 6 and 7) 2. Contextual Map • Contextual maps do not use geo location data and the area is smaller or confined in a specific place. • The context is closely associated with a particular type of place or activity • Examples of local contextual spaces – Space/seating utilization • Building, mall, park, stadium (https://public.tableau.com/profile/stanke#!/vizhome/HackyourMNTw insTickets/TicketHack), hospital, classroom, airplane, parking – Playing court/field • Especially used in sports, like tennis, basketball, soccer, etc. • https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/27587041/the-absolute-best- shooters-nba-decade – Space or layout of smaller objects like keyboards, screens, etc. – Open air space Contextual Data Maps used in Space Management https://betterwith.office.com/OKViz-plot-your-data-on-any-image- with-SynopticPanel https://synoptic.design https://www.facilityquest.com/occupancy-utilization-studies/ Room/space utilization – using color (heat map) for coding utilization rate. Commonly used by campus, office building, mall, hospital etc., Seating management and insights – commonly used for airlines, theaters, stadiums, and other events. Contextual Data Maps used in Sports https://public.tableau.com/en- us/s/gallery/seasons-nba-shots https://www.informationisbeautifulawards.com/sho wcase/4115-2018-fifa-world-cup-match-explorer https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/16954858/how-andy-murray-took- milos-raonic-become-wimbledon-champion This is a typical illustrational diagram of basketball half court used as the base map. This base map looks real, but it is computer generated tennis court – still considered to be illustrational. But it can be real tennis court based. Open Space in the Air • The “background” is open air (or space that is relative to some kind of reference, such as player standing position, height, etc.) http://public.tableau.com/profile/datavizard#!/vizhom e/MLBBatterHotColdZones/BatterHotCold https://www.vox.com/a/maps-explain-world-cup#list-25 https://www.bbc.com/sport/ football/44641247 Contextual Maps used in Other Places https://www.patrick-wied.at/projects/heatmap- keyboard/ https://tableauandbehold.co m/2015/04/13/creating- custom-polygons-on-a- background-image/ Contextual base maps • Contextual base maps can have two styles – more realistic, based on actual photo or image – abstract diagrams (illustrational map) Photos and Image as Contextual Base Maps • Real world imaging/photo, or even sight https://www.esri.com/about/newsroom/publications/wheren ext/nexttech-ai-and-location-intelligence-in-business/ https://tableauandbehold.co m/2015/04/13/creating- custom-polygons-on-a- background-image/ A photo of a store shelf as the base map. https://www.patrick-wied.at/projects/heatmap- keyboard/ https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/16954858/how-andy-murray-took- milos-raonic-become-wimbledon-champion This base map looks real, but it is computer generated tennis court – still considered to be illustrational. But it can be real tennis court based. This parking lot base map is from satellite image. Illustrational Diagram or Map • Illustrational maps simplify map details, and use symbols to represent map objects – the goal is to illustrate relative positioning rather than accuracy. • In this example, the real- world roads are not displayed based on geo maps and coordinates, but rather as a representative illustration http://fatalities.safer63and881.com/ #highway Illustrational Base Map/Diagram https://betterwith.office.com/OKViz-plot-your-data-on-any-image- with-SynopticPanel https://synoptic.design https://www.facilityquest.com/occupancy-utilization-studies/ This is a typical illustrational diagram of floor plan used as the base map. This is a typical illustrational diagram of seat plan used as the base map. Build Custom Contextual Map • We can use the same technique as the static geo image solution, but with custom X/Y coordinates – Use a static background image https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en-us/bkimages.htm – Find Background Image Coordinates https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en- us/bkimages_coordinates.htm • Use a tool for finding coordinates!! – https://cbistudio.interworks.com – Learn to use tool https://interworks.com/blog/2022/01/24/introducing-cbi-studio-from- interworks/ • Example – https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/jack.zheng/viz/tennis_1696852 5406280/ServeLandingPoints 3. Tile Grid Map • Tile grid maps abstractly use simplified symbols (tiles) to represent geo regions – just like geo charts, but even more abstract and less accurate. – Purely representational, least accurate • Common use cases – Eliminate the Alaska effect on US maps – Places are of irregular shape and different sizes – Provide a more modern look • Not ideal when – Geographical precision is important https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/ where-your-state-gets-its-money/ Key readings about tiled grid map: • http://blog.apps.npr.org/2015/05/11/hex-tile-maps.html • https://www.forumone.com/insights/blog/good-data- visualization-practice-tile-grid-maps-0/ Why Tiles? • Map project distortion – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_projection – https://observablehq.com/collection/@d3/d3-geo-projection • Tiny states are hard to be visualized Alaska effect in Mercator projection States are now represented in shapes with equal sizes https://www.tableau.com/about/blog/2017/1/viz-whiz- hex-tile-maps-64713 Tile Grid Map Variations http://bfongdata.blogspot.com/2015/11/periodic-table-map.html http://blog.apps.npr.org/2015/05/11/hex-tile-maps.html https://public.tableau.com/ap p/profile/datavizard/viz/Energ yinAmerica/Energy Tile Grid Map Variations http://aftertheflood.co/proj ects/london-squared-map https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2013/7/9/1220 127/-Daily-Kos-Elections-2012-election-results- by-congressional-and-legislative-districts https://twitter.com/katiepark/stat us/598139293509492736 Tiled Cartogram https://www.nytimes.com/elections/2012/ratings/electoral-map.html Basic Technique • Creating a tile grid map is similar to scattered plot – Determine the grid size (rows and columns); use X/Y axes to set the grid. – Use dots in the grid to represent a region; arrange dots with specific location (row/column) in the grid. – Present the dots as a consistent/uniform shape. – Associate measures to dots - encoded using color/value or other visual properties. • Refer to https://www.tableau.com/blog/viz-whiz-hex- tile-maps-64713 by Kevin Taylor • See examples at https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/jack.zheng/viz/t ilegridmap_16968521771450/SuperStore More Techniques • Using built-in shape – Brittany Fong http://bfongdata.blogspot.com/2015/11/periodic-table-map.html or https://www.tableau.com/blog/how-make- tile-grid-maps-tableau • Using custom shape from an image – Matt Chambers https://www.sirvizalot.com/2015/11/hex-tile-maps-in-tableau.html – Kevin Taylor https://www.tableau.com/blog/viz-whiz-hex-tile-maps-64713 • Using polygon – Rody Zakovich http://www.datatableauandme.com/2017/12/polygon-hex-map-in-tableau.html – Note: polygons cannot display data values on the mark. • Using spatial file (Shapefile) – Joshua Milligan https://vizpainter.com/hex-map-spatial-file/ and a video by Anthony Smoak https://anthonysmoak.com/2018/03/11/create-a-hex-map-in-tableau-the-easy-way/ • Using calculated field without data blending – Shaun Davis https://www.phdata.io/blog/create-a-hex-map-in-tableau-without-data-blending/ Brittany Fong (Tiled Map) Matt Chambers (Hex Tiled Map using image) Kevin Taylor (a more detailed tutorial) Rody Zakovich (using Polygon) Joshua Milligan (using Spatial File) Chain of inspirations Shaun Davis (using calculated field) Which style should I choose? • Point or area? • Realistic map image or representational diagram? • Real geo/location area shape or uniform abstract shape? Learning Resources • Custom map – https://www.superdatascience.com/blogs/art-using-tableau-custom-maps • Build custom contextual map in Tableau: – Use background image (base map) https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en-us/bkimages.htm – Background Image Coordinates https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en- us/bkimages_coordinates.htm • CBI Studio https://cbistudio.interworks.com – Learn to use tool https://interworks.com/blog/2022/01/24/introducing-cbi-studio-from-interworks/ • Tile Grid Map: – Hexagons For Tile Grid Maps http://blog.apps.npr.org/2015/05/11/hex-tile-maps.html – Good Data Visualization Practice: Tile Grid Maps https://forumone.com/ideas/good-data-visualization- practice-tile-grid-maps-0 • Creating Tile Grid Map: – Brittany Fong http://bfongdata.blogspot.com/2015/11/periodic-table-map.html or https://www.tableau.com/blog/how-make-tile-grid-maps-tableau – Matt Chambers https://www.sirvizalot.com/2015/11/hex-tile-maps-in-tableau.html – Rody Zakovich http://www.datatableauandme.com/2017/12/polygon-hex-map-in-tableau.html – Joshua Milligan https://vizpainter.com/hex-map-spatial-file/ and a video by Anthony Smoak https://anthonysmoak.com/2018/03/11/create-a-hex-map-in-tableau-the-easy-way/ – Without data blending: https://www.phdata.io/blog/create-a-hex-map-in-tableau-without-data-blending/